An audience is a group of people A person is any individual human being. The term people is the plural of "person" (along with the slightly rarer word "persons"); however, "people" may also be used as a singular to refer to an entire nation or ethnic group who participate in a show A performance, in performing arts, generally comprises an event in which one group of people behave in a particular way for another group of people (the audience). Sometimes the dividing line between performer and the audience may become blurred, as in the example of "participatory theatre" where audience members might get involved in or encounter a work of art A work of art, artwork, work or art object is a creation, such as an art object, design, architectural piece, musical work, literary composition, performance, film, conceptual art piece, or even computer program that is made and or valued primarily for an "artistic" rather than practical function. This article is concerned with the, literature Literature,, is the art of written works. Literally translated, the word means acquaintance with letters (as in the Arts and Letters"). In Western culture the most basic written literary types include fiction and nonfiction (in which they are called the "reader"), theatre Theatre is a branch of the performing arts. While any performance may be considered theatre, as a performing art, it focuses almost exclusively on live performers creating a self contained drama. A performance qualifies as dramatic by creating a representational illusion. By this broad definition, theatre had existed since the dawn of man, as a, music Music is an art form whose medium is sound. Common elements of music are pitch , rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics, and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture. The word derives from Greek μουσική (mousike), "(art) of the Muses." or academics Academia, Acadème, or the Academy are collective terms for the community of students and scholars engaged in higher education and research in any medium In drawing, "media" refers to the type of held dry tool used and the base onto which it is transferred. The "held dry tool" normally means a pencil, or stick medium, referred to as a "crayon". Small particles of broken-off stick medium are transferred to a base or plane of production on which the artwork is produced. Audience members participate in different ways in different kinds of art; some events invite overt audience participation and others allowing only modest clapping A clap is the sound made by striking together two flat surfaces, as in the body parts of humans or animals. Humans clap with the palms of their hands, often in a constant drone to express appreciation or approval , but also in rhythm to match sounds in music and dance. Seals are among the animals that clap and criticism Criticism is the judgement of the merits and faults of the actions or work of another individual. Criticism can mean merely to evaluate without necessarily finding fault; however, usually the word implies the expression of disapproval and reception.
Media audiences are studied by academics in media audience studies Audience theory is an element of thinking that developed within academic literary theory and cultural studies. Audience theory Audience theory is an element of thinking that developed within academic literary theory and cultural studies also offers scholarly Scholarly method or scholarship — is the body of principles and practices used by scholars to make their claims about the world as valid and trustworthy as possible, and to make them known to the scholarly public insight into audiences in general. These insights shape our knowledge of just how audiences affect and are affected by different forms of art.
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Audience participation
Some more advanced audience participation is most commonly found in performances which break the fourth wall The fourth wall refers to the imaginary "wall" at the front of the stage in a traditional three-walled box set in a proscenium theatre, through which the audience sees the action in the world of the play. The term, which was made explicit by Denis Diderot and spread in nineteenth century theatre with the advent of theatrical realism, is. Examples include the traditional British pantomimes Pantomime , not to be confused with a mime artist, referring to a theatrical performer of mime, is a musical-comedy theatrical production traditionally found in the United Kingdom, Canada, Jamaica, South Africa, Japan, India, Ireland, Gibraltar and Malta, and is mostly performed during the Christmas and New Year season. The word derives from the, stand-up comedy Stand-up comedy is a style of comedy where a comedian performs for a live audience, usually speaking directly to them. It is usually performed by a comedian with the aid of a microphone, either hand-held or mounted. The performer is known as a stand-up comic, stand-up comedian or simply a stand-up, and creative stage shows such as Blue Man Group Blue Man Group is a creative organization founded by Phil Stanton, Chris Wink, and Matt Goldman. The organization produces theatrical shows and concerts featuring music, comedy and multimedia; recorded music and scores for film and television; television appearances for shows such as The Tonight Show, Las Vegas, Scrubs, FETCH! with Ruff Ruffman,
One of the most well-known examples of popular audience participation is the motion picture The Rocky Horror Picture Show The Rocky Horror Picture Show is a 1975 British musical comedy film that parodies science fiction and B-movie horror films. It was directed by Jim Sharman. The film is an adaptation of the British musical stage production The Rocky Horror Show. Richard O'Brien, author of the stage show, was assisted by Sharman in writing the screenplay. The film and its earlier stage incarnation The Rocky Horror Show The Rocky Horror Show is a long-running British stage musical, opening in London on 19 June 1973. It was written by Richard O'Brien, and developed by O'Brien in collaboration with Australian theater director Jim Sharman. It came eighth in a BBC Radio 2 listener poll of the "Nation's Number One Essential Musicals". The audience participation elements are often seen as the most important part of the picture, to the extent that the audio options on the DVD version include the option. In the audience participation for the Rocky Horror Picture Show, the audience make "call backs", and yell at the screen at certain parts of the movie. Also, a number of props are thrown and used by the audience during certain parts of the film. These props include:
- Rice- for the wedding scene
- Water Pistols- to simulate the rain that Brad and Janet are walking in
- Toilet paper- when Dr. Scott enters the lab and Brad cries out "Great Scott!"
- Noisemakers- used at the beginning of the creation scene
- Confetti- used at the end of "I can make you a Man"
- Toast- used at the dinner scene
- Party Hats- used at the dinner scene
- Playing Cards- used in "I'm going home"
Examples of Audience Participation
Another murder mystery is "The Mystery of Edwin Drood", a Broadway musical based on Charles Dickens Charles John Huffam Dickens was the most popular English novelist of the Victorian era, and he remains popular, responsible for some of English literature's most iconic characters's last, unfinished work. In it, the audience must vote for who they think the murderer is, as well as the real identity of the detective and the couple who end up together.
During the 1984 Summer Olympics, Cards were inserted into the seats of the Olympic Stadium. The announcer gave a countdown to and told the audience to the raise the cards, revealing the flags of all the participating Nations.
Tony and Tina's Wedding Tony n’ Tina’s Wedding is one of the longest-running comedies in American theatre.[citation needed] Credited[who?] as the originator of the “environmental theatre” craze, Tony n’ Tina’s Wedding stages a traditional Italian-American wedding and reception with warm and intrusive stereotypes pushed to the limit. Audience members are is an example of a form of audience participation that engages the entire audience at once, staging a narrative set during a wedding in which the audience performs the role of "guests".
The British panel game A panel game is a game show, particularly popular in the United Kingdom, in which a panel of celebrities compete — either in teams or individually. It is usually chaired by another celebrity. The genre has a lengthy history on both radio and television. Unlike most game shows, the panels will often have the same members for every show. This can QI In traditional Chinese culture, qi is an active principle forming part of any living thing often allows the audience to try to answer questions. Currently, the audience have won one show, and have come last in another.
Magic shows often rely on some audience participation. Psychological illusionist Derren Brown Derren Victor Brown is an English illusionist, mentalist, painter and sceptic relies heavily on audience participation in his live shows.
Types of Audiences
A. Particular (Real) Audiences
In rhetoric Rhetoric is the art of using language to communicate effectively. It involves three audience appeals: logos, pathos, and ethos, as well as the five canons of rhetoric: invention or discovery, arrangement, style, memory, and delivery. Along with grammar and logic or dialectic, rhetoric is one of the three ancient arts of discourse. From ancient, particular audiences depend on circumstance and situation, and are characterized by the individuals that make up the audience. Particular audiences are subject to persuasion and engage with the ideas of the speaker. Ranging in size and composition, particular audiences can come together to form a “composite” audience of multiple particular groups.
1. Immediate Audiences
An immediate audience is a type of particular audience that is composed of individuals who are face-to-face subjects with a speaker and a speaker’s rhetorical text or speech. This type of audience directly listens to, engages with, and consumes the rhetorical text in an unmediated fashion. In measuring immediate audience reception and feedback, one can depend on personal interviews, applause, and verbal comments made during and after a rhetorical speech.
2. Mediated Audiences
In contrast to immediate audiences, mediated audiences are composed of individuals who consume rhetorical texts in a manner that is different from the time or place in which the speaker presents a text. Audiences who consume texts or speeches through television, radio, and Internet are considered mediated audiences because those mediums separate the rhetor and the audience. Understanding the size and composition of mediated audiences can be difficult because mediums such as television, radio, and Internet can displace the audience from the time and circumstance of a rhetorical text or speech. In measuring mediated audience reception and feedback, one can depend on opinion polls and ratings, as well as comments and forums that may be featured on a website.
B. Theoretical (Imagined) Audiences
Theoretical audiences are audiences that are imagined for the purpose of helping the speaker compose, or a critic to understand, a rhetorical text or speech.
1. Self as Audience (Self-Deliberation)
When a rhetor deeply considers, questions, and deliberates over the content of the ideas they are conveying, it can be said that these individuals are addressing the audience of self, or self-deliberating. Scholars Chaim Perelman and L. Olbrechts-Tyteca, in their book The New Rhetoric: A Treatise on Argumentation[1], argue that the rhetor “is in a better position than anyone else to test the value of his own arguments." The audience of self, while not serving as the ends to all rhetorical purpose or circumstance, nevertheless acts as a type of audience that not only operates as a function of self-help, but as instrument used to discover the available means of persuasion.
2. Universal Audience
The universal audience is an imagined audience that serves as an ethical and argumentative test for the rhetor. It requires the speaker to imagine a composite audience that contains individuals from diverse backgrounds and to discern whether or not the content of the rhetorical text or speech would appeal to individuals within that audience. Scholars Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca ascertain that the content addressed to a universal audience “must convince the reader that the reasons adduced are of a compelling character, that they are self-evident, and possess an absolute and timeless validity"[2].The concept of the universal audience has received criticism for being idealistic because it can be considered as an impediment in achieving persuasive effect with particular audiences. Yet, it still may be useful as an ethical guide for a speaker and a critical tool for a reader or audience.
3. Ideal Audience
An ideal audience is a rhetor’s imagined, intended audience. In creating a rhetorical text, a rhetor imagines a target audience In marketing and advertising, a target audience, or target group is the primary group of people that something, usually an advertising campaign, is aimed at appealing to. A target audience can be people of a certain age group, gender, marital status, etc. A certain combination, like men from twenty to thirty is often a target audience. Other, a group of individuals that will be addressed, persuaded, or affected by the speech or rhetorical text. This type of audience is not necessarily imagined as the most receptive audience, but as the future particular audience that the rhetor will engage with. Imagining such an audience allows a rhetor to formulate appeals that will grant success in engaging with the future particular audience. In considering an ideal audience, a rhetor can imagine future conditions of mediation, size, demographics, and shared beliefs among the audience to be persuaded.
4. Implied Audience
An implied audience is an imaginary audience determined by an auditor or reader as the text’s constructed audience. The implied audience is not the actual audience, but the one that can be inferred by reading or analyzing the text. Communications scholar Edwin Black, in his essay, The Second Persona[3] presents the theoretical concept of the implied audience using the idea of two personas. The first persona is the implied rhetor (the idea of the speaker formed by the audience) and the second persona is the implied audience (the idea of the audience formed by and utilized for persuasion in the speech situation). A critic could also determine what the text wants that audience to become or do after the rhetorical situation.
References
- ^ Perelman, Chaim and L. Olbrechts-Tyteca. The New Rhetoric: A Treatise on Argumentation. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1961. Print.
- ^ Perelman, Chaim and L. Olbrechts-Tyteca. The New Rhetoric: A Treatise on Argumentation. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1961. Print.
- ^ Black, Edwin. “The Second Persona.” Quarterly Journal of Speech 56.2 (1970): 109-119. Print.
Categories: Media studies Categories: Mass media | Humanities | Social sciences | Subfields of political science | Interdisciplinary fields | Cultural studies | Theatre Theatre or theater is the branch of the performing arts concerned with acting out stories in front of an audience using combinations of speech, gesture, mime, music, dance, sound and spectacle — indeed any one or more elements of the other performing arts. In addition to the standard narrative dialogue style, theatre takes such forms as opera,
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for creating a 'shit vibe' Daily Gossip NME.com Dizzee Rascal got in an argument with a reality TV show audience , blasting them for creating a "shit vibe". The rapper is a judge on Sky 1 show Must Be The ... Crazy Dizzee gets in a Tizzee The Sun
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In order to succeed with a particular . audience. , you must come to understand their specific truths and relate to them. This is a lesson that applies across the board when working with groups of people. The better you can relate and ...
Q. Okay.So I need to know what audience the song Crazy by Simple Plan was intended for and why?Write down what age group you think it was intended for and please mention why.
Asked by Samantha - Sat Jan 31 10:09:18 2009 - - 3 Answers - 0 Comments
A. Well, the band's music is usually for 10-15 year olds. "Crazy" can reach anyone who feels the same way about the world, though, so I mean, for that specific song, the audience is probably a bit bigger.
Answered by Banana Hero [sic] - Sat Jan 31 10:18:13 2009
